Thursday, January 29, 2026
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      Why Investment Managers Must Rebuild Their Operating Models, Not Just Their Technology

      By Jeff Hooks, Senior Vice President at STP Investment Services.

      Jeff Hooks

      For decades, the wealth and asset management industry has pursued a vision of operational unity: a “single platform” capable of connecting data, workflows, analytics, and controls across the front, middle, and back office. While the ambition was sound, the technology and market structure of 20 years ago simply weren’t ready. 

      Today, that same ambition has returned, but for entirely different reasons. After years of layering tools on top of aging infrastructure, many firms now find themselves constrained by the very complexity they hoped modernization would solve. Rising regulatory expectations, talent shortages, and intensifying cost pressure are forcing leaders to rethink not only what technology they use, but how their operations should function around it. 

      This moment is less about innovation for innovation’s sake and more about necessity. Investment managers need operating models built for accuracy, adaptability, and scalability, and they are realizing that platform choices and operating-model choices are now inseparable. 

      Fragmented Platforms Have Become an Operational Risk, Not a Technology Issue 

      Many firms spent the last decade modernizing: adding new reporting engines, adopting workflow tools, implementing portals, and replacing legacy accounting systems. Though the intention was simplification, the outcome for many has instead been a sprawling ecosystem of overlapping tools, disparate data sources, and inconsistent processes. 

      As McKinsey has observed, the financial-services industry faces a growing operational-risk burden as institutions depend on third-party providers and multiple systems that must interoperate under evolving business models. Legacy processes and disparate platforms no longer offer the resilience or coherence required for today’s pace of change.  

      Meanwhile, analysis by Deloitte warns that fragmented or siloed data systems continue to inhibit accurate reporting, regulatory compliance, and efficient decision-making, issues that emerge as firms navigate increasing regulatory and operational demands. 

      The consequences are now business-critical: teams reconcile data across misaligned systems; dual systems run in parallel for extended periods during migrations; manual oversight proliferates; and vendor governance becomes resource-intensive.  

      These are operational gaps, not technology failures – and they threaten accuracy, timeliness, and ultimately client trust. And they’re leading leaders to ask a new question: What if the operating model, not the technology stack, is what needs to change? 

      Why Firms Fear Switching Technology and Why They Can’t Avoid It Forever 

      Most investment managers recognize the need to consolidate technology. Yet many hesitate to make a change, not because they want to preserve the status quo, but because changing systems is a deeply intimidating operational exercise. 

      Data Migration Anxiety Is Real 

      Data migrations are often misunderstood as technical projects, when in reality they are massive operational archaeology exercises. Migrating positions, transactions, mappings, pricing history, performance, regulatory records, and client-specific configurations requires time, accuracy, and institutional knowledge. 

      Switching systems is a lot like moving to a new home. The moment you open the attic, you’re staring at boxes you forgot existed. Some items are essential, some are duplicates, and some should’ve been tossed years ago. Yet everything has to be unpacked, sorted, labeled, and moved with care — all while life in the rest of the house carries on. It’s no surprise, then, that industry research shows most data migrations run over budget or fall behind schedule. 

      Staff Worry They’ll Face More Work, Not Benefit From Better Tools 

      For many teams, switching technology means learning new interfaces, redesigning workflows, and maintaining BAU responsibilities at the same time. Middle- and back-office leaders routinely express concern that adopting new technology will place an unrealistic burden on their teams, especially those already stretched thin by end-of-day deadlines, exception management, and client reporting cycles. Many younger professionals are also less interested in repetitive operational roles, making it harder for managers to staff critical functions during transition periods. 

      Firms Fear Getting Trapped in Another Fragmented Stack 

      Leaders worry that after all the effort to modernize, they will simply replace one set of integration challenges with another. Without a clear operating-model redesign, a new piece of technology can still produce old problems: manual controls, redundant work, unclear ownership, or shaky vendor oversight. 

      These fears are rational, but remaining on outdated technology also carries silent risks: higher operating costs, slower responsiveness, and continued exposure to manual processes that don’t scale. 

      The Shift: Firms Are Pairing Technology Decisions with Operating-Model Decisions 

      The industry has reached a turning point. More firms are realizing that consolidating technology requires redesigning operations alongside it, not after the fact. As a result, a growing number of managers are bringing in third-party managed services during transitions rather than waiting until after new systems are installed. 

      This shift is being driven by three realities: 

      1. Data Extraction and Migration Require Specialized Expertise 

      Firms are increasingly engaging managed services partners to handle the most complex elements of switching systems: extracting, normalizing, cleansing, and mapping data from multiple sources. These partners maintain repeatable processes and playbooks, reducing the risk of conversion errors and creating a cleaner foundation for future reporting and analytics. 

      2. System Implementation Is No Longer a “Side Project” 

      Platform implementations today involve workflow redesign, control tuning, exception routing, reconciliations, and parallel testing. Many firms lack the internal capacity to run a multi-month implementation while also maintaining daily cutoffs and client deliverables. 

      Managed services providers can serve as an extension of the operations team, handling configuration, testing, documentation, and training, while allowing internal staff to focus on oversight and strategic decision-making. 

      3. Platforms and Technology Require Operational Subject Matter Experts 

      Once a new platform goes live, daily operations must continue without disruption. Staffing is often the greatest challenge during this phase. Many firms now look to managed services partners for: 

      • Temporary or long-term staff augmentation 
      • Handling reconciliation, reporting, or data validation 
      • Running core middle- or back-office processes during stabilization 
      • Providing ongoing expertise when new issues emerge 

      This allows teams to avoid burnout, maintain service levels, and adopt new systems gradually and sustainably. 

      A Practical Framework: How Firms Should Evaluate Technology and Operating Models Together 

      To modernize effectively, decision-makers should evaluate technology and operations through the same lens. Below is a practical, non-vendor-specific framework that leaders can use to guide the process. 

      People 

      • Which roles will change when we move platforms? 
      • What training, documentation, or knowledge transfer will be required? 
      • Can our team realistically support BAU and participate in migration? 
      • Where might we need external support, temporarily or permanently? 

      Process 

      • What are our most critical daily functions (e.g., reconciliations, corporate actions, reporting), and how will they run during dual-system periods? 
      • What manual workarounds exist today that we do not want to replicate in the new model? 
      • How will we maintain controls, governance, and auditability during migration? 
      • How many vendors will we need to oversee and can that number be reduced? 

      Technology & Data 

      • What data needs to migrate, and what can be archived or retired? 
      • How clean is our data, and how much normalization will be required? 
      • Are we creating a truly front-to-back architecture or introducing new silos? 
      • Which components should remain in-house and which should be supported by managed services? 

      This type of evaluation enables firms to design operating models that are more scalable, more resilient, and less dependent on manual oversight. 

      The Future Isn’t “Single Platform,” It’s a Single, Accountable Operating Model 

      The wealth and asset management industry is at an inflection point. Technology consolidation is necessary, but it is no longer sufficient. The real opportunity lies in building a cohesive operating model where data, workflows, governance, and expertise move together, even as systems and regulations evolve. 

      Firms that succeed in the next decade will not simply install new platforms. They will align their people, processes, and managed-services partners in a way that creates real operational agility. They will reduce the fear and friction historically associated with switching systems. And they will create more resilient, more scalable operating models capable of supporting clients, advisors, and stakeholders in a fast-changing landscape. 

      The next generation of operating excellence will not be defined by the software a firm selects, but by the accountability, integration, and adaptability of its entire operating ecosystem. 

      Wi-Fi 7: Powering the Next Era of Real-Time Finance

      Financial institutions are under pressure to deliver real-time digital experiences while maintaining airtight security. From high-frequency transactions to AI-driven fraud detection, they now depend on faster, more secure, and more reliable wireless networks. Wi-Fi 7, the next-generation wireless standard delivering blazing fast speeds, ultra-low latency, and enhanced capacity, is emerging as the backbone for the demanding applications now critical to financial services. In this interview with Traders Magazine, Matt MacPherson, Cisco’s Wireless CTO, shares how Wi-Fi 7 is reshaping secure, real-time financial services. 

      Matt MacPherson

      Why do institutions depend on faster, more secure, and more reliable wireless networks?

      In the financial world, speed, security, and rock-solid reliability aren’t just nice-to-haves, they’re the bedrock of success. Faster networks mean institutions can analyze market data in a flash, execute high-frequency trades, and process client transactions at lightning speed. This directly impacts their bottomline and keeps clients happy. Security is non-negotiable. We’re talking about protecting incredibly sensitive financial data, meeting strict regulations like GDPR for privacy, and fending off cyber threats that could cause financial damage and destroy trust. And reliability? It’s all about staying online. Every second of downtime can mean lost opportunities, missed market movements, and significant costs. So, advanced wireless infrastructure isn’t just an upgrade; it’s an essential lifeline for staying competitiveand secure in today’s fast-paced financial landscape.

      How will Wi-Fi 7’s lower latency and Multi-Link Operation impact trading floors and real-time market activity?

      Wi-Fi 7 introduces Multi-Link Operation (MLO), a breakthrough feature that lets devices use multiple wireless bands and channels at the same time—like driving on a three-lane highway instead of being stuck in a single lane. This means data can take the fastest, least congested path, reducing delays and keeping performance steady, which is crucial when every millisecond matters in financial markets.If one band becomes crowded or experiences interference, traffic is automatically rerouted to another, ensuring trading applications remain stable and responsive. By tapping into several bands simultaneously—including the new, wide-open 6 GHz channels—Wi-Fi 7 improves efficiency and minimizes disruptions, even in dense, high-traffic environments like trading floors.For trading operations, this translates to faster trade execution, quicker market data updates, and less risk of “slippage” in high-frequency scenarios. In short, Wi-Fi 7’s lower latency and built-in resilience deliver reliable, real-time connectivity that can make a real difference for trading teams and market activity.

      What security enhancements in Wi-Fi 7 matter most for firms handling sensitive financial data?

      While Wi-Fi 7 is a performance powerhouse, it also brings crucial security benefits for firms dealing with sensitive financial data. The biggest win is its full support for WPA3, the latest and greatest Wi-Fi security standard. WPA3 offers stronger encryption, much better protection against brute-force attacks, and even individual data encryption, which is a huge step up for security, even on public networks. Beyond WPA3, Wi-Fi 7’s increased capacity and efficiency actually make it easier to implement granular network segmentation. This means you can effectively isolate sensitive financial data traffic from general network activity, creating virtual fortresses within your network. Plus, its robust performance ensuresthat advanced authentication methods like 802.1X and integration with your existing firewalls and intrusion detection systems run smoothly, without slowing things down. More speed means you can layer on more security without compromise.

      How can Wi-Fi 7 improve reliability and uptime for high-frequency or algorithmic trading environments?

      For the demanding world of high-frequency and algorithmic trading, Wi-Fi 7 is designed to deliver a new level of reliability and uptime. The secret sauce is Multi-Link Operation (MLO), which provides inherent redundancy. Your devices can transmit data over multiple links at once, so if one channel hits a snag, your connection remains rock-solid through another. No more costly interruptions.Another clever feature, Preamble Puncturing, allows the network to work around interfering signals within a channel, reducing retransmissions and keeping data flowing. Add to this Wi-Fi 7’s massive capacity and efficiency, which virtually eliminates network congestion even in the busiest trading environments. The result? A far more predictable, robust, and resilient wireless network, absolutely essential for the continuous and time-sensitive demands of HFT and algorithmic trading.

      What advantages does Wi-Fi 7 bring to increasingly digital branches and trading operations?

      Wi-Fi 7 is truly built for the future of finance, bringing compelling advantages to both digital branchesand sophisticated trading operations.For digital branches, imagine a superior customer experience with lightning-fast, super-reliable Wi-Fi for both clients and staff. This means smooth video conferencing with advisors, seamless digital kiosks, and effortless support for all those smart branch IoT devices (security cameras, sensors, digital signage) that boost operational efficiency and security.For trading operations, this means:

      1. Faster, more consistent performance when every second counts: Wi-Fi 7 dramatically reduces delays, so traders see price updates and analytics even more quickly and reliably. This givesteams an edge in fast-moving markets, where every millisecond matters.

      2. Continuous connectivity for uninterrupted trading: With Wi-Fi 7, trading floors stay online even ifone part of the wireless network runs into problems. The technology automatically shiftsconnections to the best available path, so critical applications like voice trading, market datafeeds, and risk dashboards remain stable and responsive.

      3. Wireless Capacity for Data-Dense Workloads: Modern trading desks rely on live data, high-quality visuals, and advanced analytics. Wi-Fi 7 combines multiple wireless channels to deliverextremely fast speeds, making wireless a realistic option for high-demand teams that oncedepended on physical cables.

      4. Flexibility to Quickly Reconfigure Trading Floors: Trading environments change often—desks move, new teams join, new tools are introduced. Wi-Fi 7 makes it much easier and faster to adapt the layout without waiting for new wiring, helping firms stay agile and reduce operational costs.

      5. Clearer Communication and Reliable Compliance Recording: Stable, high-performance Wi-Fi means smoother voice and video calls, more dependable collaboration, and better capture of compliance recordings—all essential for regulatory requirements and effective teamwork.

      6. Consistent Performance in Crowded Environments: Trading floors are packed with people anddevices. Wi-Fi 7 intelligently manages traffic so everyone gets fast, reliable service, even at peak times.

      How does Wi-Fi 7 support the surge in connected devices and data-heavy applications across finance?

      Wi-Fi 7 is practically custom-built to handle the explosion of connected devices and data-heavy applications we’re seeing in finance today. Here’s how:

      • Unprecedented throughput: With theoretical speeds soaring up to 46 Gbps, Wi-Fi 7 can effortlessly manage the rapid transfer of enormous datasets, real-time market feeds, and complex financial models.

      • Wider channels (320 MHz): By leveraging the 6 GHz band, Wi-Fi 7 opens up much widerchannels, dramatically increasing data capacity for bandwidth-hungry tasks like real-timeanalytics, AI/ML model processing, and accessing huge databases.

      • 4096-QAM: This advanced modulation technique essentially packs more data into every signal,giving throughput another significant boost.

      • Smarter multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) and OFDMA: These technologies allow your network to communicate with a larger number of devices simultaneously and more efficiently, cutting down congestion and improving performance for every laptop, tablet, IoT sensor, and smart display in your financial environment.

      • Better interference management: Features like Preamble Puncturing ensure that performance stays high even in crowded wireless spaces, guaranteeing reliable service for all your criticaldevices and applications.

      • Spatial coordination service (SCS): Wi-Fi 7 access points (APs) coordinate transmissions to reduce interference and optimize spectrum usage, delivering more deterministic quality of service, reduced jitter, and higher reliability—crucial for dense trading floors and large financial campuses.

      • Transmit underutilized airspace (TUA): Enables transmissions during airtime that would otherwise go unused under older rules, lowering latency and increasing throughput for time-sensitive trading applications, voice turrets, and critical messaging platforms like Symphony andBloomberg.

      • Target wake time (TWT): Schedules precise awake/asleep windows for devices, minimizing contention and background noise while ensuring predictable airtime for handheld trading devices, wireless POS, and scanners—boosting overall network efficiency around busy desks.

      • Holistic policy-to-network alignment: Wi-Fi 7 enables financial organizations to directly tie top-priority application policies to the underlying scheduling and management of wireless resources, ensuring mission-critical workloads always receive optimal performance.

      What should financial firms consider first when planning their transition to Wi-Fi 7?

      When financial firms start thinking about Wi-Fi 7, it’s smart to approach it strategically, not just as a simple upgrade. Here are the top things to consider:

      1. Check your foundations: First, take a good look at your existing wired and wireless network. Does your cabling (think Cat6A or better) and Power over Ethernet (PoE) infrastructure supportWi-Fi 7’s incredible speeds? A strong backbone is essential. You should also consider your access point density and do radio frequency planning for coverage, mobility, location services, and capacity.

      2. Pinpoint your “Why”: Where will Wi-Fi 7 deliver the biggest bang for your buck? Identify specific areas or applications, like trading floors or digital branches, where its low latency, high capacity, or Multi-Link Operation will make the most significant business impact.

      3. Spectrum check: Is the 6 GHz band, which is crucial for Wi-Fi 7’s peak performance, available and approved in your operating regions? This is key to unlocking its full potential.

      4. Security first, always: How will Wi-Fi 7 integrate with your current security policies, authentication systems (like WPA3), and compliance requirements? Security must remain your absolute top priority.

      5. Think phased rollout: Instead of a disruptive “rip and replace,” plan a gradual transition. Start with pilot projects or critical areas. This allows for thorough testing, optimization, and minimizes any impact on daily operations.

      6. Choose your partners wisely: Select reputable vendors with proven enterprise-grade Wi-Fi 7 solutions that play nicely with your existing network management systems.

      7. Crunch the numbers: Understand the investment required and clearly define the expected return on investment from improved efficiency, reduced downtime, and enhanced capabilities

      Outlook 2026: Khody Azmoon, BLOX Markets

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      Khody Azmoon is CEO and co-founder of BLOX Markets.

      Khody Azmoon, BLOX Markets
      Khody Azmoon

      What were the key theme(s) for your business in 2025?

      At BLOX Markets, we continue to develop Openpool, a new retail-focused U.S. equities trading venue. We’re building a trading venue to open up access to off-exchange equity retail flow through order competition.1 The concept of a retail-focused U.S. equities trading venue aligns well with the ongoing key theme that U.S. retail trading activity in 2025 exceeded 2024 levels and is poised to continue rising into 2026, particularly as expectations around U.S. interest rate cuts act as a key catalyst.

      Another key theme for us is the growing strength of independent U.S. equities trading venues. In 2025, several new independent U.S. equities trading venues entered the market and many others successfully secured fresh funding (i.e. OneChronos, Bruce, Mosaic), reinforcing investor appetite for independent Alternative Trading Systems (ATS). Over the year, we were fortunate to raise capital from a group of fintech: capital market tech focused individual investors and venture funds. As we continue fundraising with step-up valuations targeted for early 2026, we’ve also been building our equity-rights program to onboard liquidity providers from day one when we launch hopefully later next year. We’ve spent considerable time refining the program with more than a dozen prospective participants, and we look forward to releasing the final framework early next year.

      What was the highlight of 2025?

      The SEC under Chair Paul Atkins confirmed its intention to proceed with the Regulation NMS reforms covering Tick Sizes, Access Fees, and Transparency of Better-Priced Orders, while deferring implementation of the Tick Sizes & Access fee provisions until November 2026. Somewhat counterintuitively, this timing benefits us, as our retail-focused U.S. equities trading venue is not yet ready to launch.

      Fast forward to the Order Protection Rule (OPR) roundtables in Texas December of 2025: while a couple major exchanges continued to push for the elimination of access fees, the discussions made it clear that the majority of participants believed some form of access-fee framework would remain necessary under any potential OPR reforms.

      What are your expectations for 2026?

      While the SEC under Chair Paul Atkins is expected to release a proposal addressing Order Protection Rule (OPR) changes, any final rule that strips away provisions viewed as essential by market participants could face legal challenges. As a result, meaningful implementation may slip into the next administration, leaving the long-term outlook unclear.

      Overnight U.S. equities trading continues to gain traction, but broader exchange participation may be deferred from 2026 into 2027. Several operational and market-structure questions remain unresolved, and many participants are wary of moving too quickly.

      At the same time, the continued growth of notional-based equities trading is making a fractional equities trading venue increasingly viable, with progress in equity tokenization potentially unlocking a true fractional equities marketplace in the U.S.

      What trend(s) are getting underway that people may not know about but will be important?

      A few U.S. equities trading venues have begun reassessing their outsourced technology arrangements as renewal cycles approach. Rising technology costs, combined with expected compression in per-share dark pool economics, are increasing pressure on traditional ATS business models. We expect this dynamic to drive some ATS operators ultimately exiting the market over the next few years.

      This environment creates a clear opportunity for firms with differentiated cost structures. By owning and operating our technology stack, we maintain a meaningful cost advantage, and several of our ATS models are designed to perform effectively under tighter pricing conditions. While our launch timeline remains flexible, we are targeting a launch later in 2026. See you then!

      BLOX Markets trading venue Openpool is not yet operational and remains subject to regulatory filings and approvals.

      Outlook 2026: Mike Cahill, Pyth Network

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      Mike Cahill is CEO of Douro Labs and Contributor to Pyth Network.

      Mike Cahill

      What was the highlight of 2025?

      2025 was the year that institutions woke up to the inefficiencies in the $50 billion market data economy. They are increasingly demanding more from their data providers, both in terms of speed and lower barriers to accessing global markets. We saw this through demand for Pyth Pro, our subscription service for institutional market data, which surpassed $1 million in annual recurring revenue within its first month since launching. We see trading firms, analytics platforms, DeFi protocols, and top-tier financial institutions share a growing need for transparent, real-time data solutions.

      What are your expectations for 2026?

      In 2026, we anticipate a major acceleration in the convergence of TradFi and DeFi, a structural shift reshaping global markets. The move toward digitized, onchain solutions is no longer experimental; it is becoming a core requirement for competitive advantage in the TradFi world. As the industry embraces these shifts, we expect to see deeper integrations between institutional platforms and blockchain networks as well as governance frameworks that reinforce trust and accountability. Ultimately, the convergence of TradFi and DeFi will enable a more inclusive, resilient, and data-rich financial system designed to meet the speed and complexity of modern markets.

      What industry trends have been prominent but are now fading (or will soon fade)?

      The era of high-priced, opaque market data is rapidly coming to an end. For decades, a handful of incumbents controlled access to real-time information through restrictive contracts and discriminatory pricing models. This approach is no longer sustainable. Institutions are increasingly rejecting fragmented coverage and unpredictable fees in favor of transparent solutions that provide global, real-time data at consistent and fair costs. This shift in sentiment is more than a pricing adjustment and represents a fundamental change in how the financial industry views data delivery and consumption. As demand for access and efficiency grows, the move toward digitized models will accelerate innovation, broaden participation, and create a more competitive market environment.

      What are your clients’ pain points and how have they changed from 1 year ago?

      Institutions continue to face significant challenges stemming from legacy market data systems. These outdated infrastructures, built on pre-internet technology, impose billions in fees for fragmented and delayed data feeds. In 2024, frustration centered on latency and opaque pricing. By 2025, this pain intensified as costs escalated and coverage gaps persisted, creating unsustainable pressure on budgets and limiting flexibility for capital allocation. We’ve been focused on addressing these issues directly by delivering real-time, first-party data with transparent pricing and broad cross-asset coverage. This evolution has validated Pyth’s model as a true disruptor, aligning incentives between data publishers and consumers while eliminating intermediaries that have historically driven up costs.

      Editor’s Choice: Best of 2025 

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      (FLASH FRIDAY is a weekly content series looking at the past, present and future of capital markets trading and technology. FLASH FRIDAY is sponsored by Instinet, a Nomura company.)

      As the New Year begins, we thought we’d eke out one more 2025 lookback. 

      This Flash Friday lookback is meta: it’s the Editor’s Choice Top 10 Flash Friday articles of last year, presented in alphabetical order.

      Without further ado…

      A Look Back at a Look Back at Nasdaq (August 15)

      Comparing two ~30 year periods of exchange technology progress.

      Andy Lowenthal, Travelin’ Man (January 24)

      Interesting career story, but it’s the clever photo captions that clinch top-10 inclusion.

      Assessing the Rush Into Private Assets (September 5)

      A higher investment return is the end goal, but can outperformance be sustained? 

      Boca50: A Look Back (February 28)

      It was fun to learn about the early days of a longstanding industry conference.  

      Darrin Sokol Goes From Trader to Teacher (July 11)

      Moving from Lazard Asset Management to the Academy of Saint Elizabeth isn’t your average late-career pivot.

      Meet Kevin Skarbek, Incoming STA Chair (December 12)

      Skarbek is the first STA Chair in recent memory with a retail background, and it will be interesting to see what initiatives he pursues in 2026. 

      Paul Jiganti, Over and Out (January 17)

      Market structure guy recovers from many years of air travel by hiking, biking and playing golf.

      Pete Cocuzza Grooves Into Retirement (August 8)

      The story of a long-time trading guy who also jams classic rock was never not making this list.

      The Reg NMS Debate, 20 Years On (August 1)

      We looked back at the origin of a market structure debate that returned to center stage in 2025. 

      Retail and Options: Perfect Together (October 17)

      Any article that leads with a Venn diagram reference wins extra points. 

      What’s Old is New Again (September 12)

      Assessing how Robinhood Social is different from, and similar to, the old Yahoo! Stock message boards. 

      Honorable Mention:

      An Options Markets Prediction That Didn’t Pan Out (April 25)

      Traders Magazine article wears a dunce cap for a 2006 article.

      Outlook 2026: Anthony Denier, Webull

      Anthony Denier is Group President & US CEO of Webull.

      What were the key theme(s) for your business in 2025?

      Anthony Denier

      2025 was a pivotal year for Webull. It was defined by scale, transparency, and product expansion. Our public listing marked an important milestone, reinforcing our long-term commitment to building a trusted, intuitive platform for retail investors. At the same time, we continued to expand internationally, strengthening our global footprint to serve a growing, increasingly sophisticated investor base. Product innovation remained a core focus, with momentum in crypto and the introduction of new asset classes like corporate bonds and prediction markets, ensuring users can access a broader range of investment opportunities within a single ecosystem.

      What are your expectations for 2026?

      Looking ahead to 2026, we expect the continued globalization of investing, with retail participation growing across regions and borders. Investors are becoming more informed, more self-directed, and more engaged, driving demand for platforms that combine access, education, and professional-grade tools. Financial literacy will continue to rise as individuals take greater ownership of their financial futures, and firms that empower users with both information and execution capabilities will be best positioned for long-term growth.

      What trends are getting underway that people may not know about but will be important?

      One of the most important emerging trends is the evolving role of AI in investing. Beyond automation, AI is being applied to education, risk management, and personalized insights – helping investors better understand markets and make more informed decisions. The most impactful use of AI will not be replacing human judgment, but enhancing it, lowering barriers to sophisticated analysis while preserving transparency and control for the investor. As expectations rise, platforms will need to integrate AI in ways that are intuitive, responsible, and genuinely additive to the investing experience.

      Outlook 2026: James Cawley, RTX Fintech & Research

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      James Cawley is Co-Founder & CEO, RTX Fintech & Research.

      James Cawley

      What were the key theme(s) for your business in 2025?

      2025 was focused on delivering long-needed modernization to the interdealer swaps market. Even as nearly 90% of dealer-to-client inquiries had already shifted to electronic
      channels, interdealer trading continued to rely heavily on voice, exposing a widening gap in
      market structure. Rising volumes made that disconnect more pronounced, underscoring
      the inefficiencies of manual workflows, inconsistent fills and limited access to trade-level data.

      Firms faced increasing pressure to lower costs and improve operational resilience, and therefore, modernization became the central theme of the year. Our objective was on helping dealers overcome those structural frictions through scalable technology, automation and infrastructure built to support the speed and complexity of today’s rates markets.

      What was the highlight of 2025?

      The standout development was the increased acknowledgement that the voice-dominated
      interdealer model is no longer sustainable. In 2024, risk-adjusted interest rate derivatives
      trading volume rose 15.6% to $366 trillion, and U.S. swap execution facilities processed
      $22 trillion in notional volume in November 2024 alone. That momentum carried into 2025,
      intensifying operational strain across interdealer workflows and spotlighting the limits of
      legacy execution methods.

      For RTX, the highlight was working closely with dealers as they accelerated their modernization roadmaps. Institutions moved beyond incremental fixes and began building
      electronic foundations centered on automation, transparency and efficiency. Seeing that
      shift manifest in increasing adoption of our platform, as firms sought to streamline execution, reduce costs and access more consistent data, marked a meaningful turning point for the market.

      What are your expectations for 2026?

      We anticipate 2026 to be a pivotal year in the industry’s transition toward a fully modernized interdealer swaps framework. With volumes still rising and electronic protocols already deeply embedded in dealer-to-client activity, the imperative to bring interdealer markets into structural alignment with the rest of the rates ecosystem will only strengthen. Market participants are increasingly prepared to move away from voice-driven practices in favor of data-rich, electronic execution models that deliver consistency, scalability and real-time risk management.

      Our priority will be enabling dealers to capture these advantages rapidly and at scale. This
      includes providing low-friction electronic execution, embedding automation more deeply into everyday workflows and delivering the capacity required for markets where notional
      volumes rival the world’s largest asset classes. We expect more institutions to adopt electronic interdealer trading not just for efficiency, but because it will become
      fundamental to maintaining competitiveness.

      If current conditions persist, 2026 should mark the beginning of a more resilient, transparent and structurally modern interdealer environment – one capable of supporting
      the complexity, velocity and volume of today’s rates markets.

      MIAX: Additions to the Penny Interval Program for January 2, 2026

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      As part of the annual review of the Penny Interval Program (“Penny Program”), MIAX Options, MIAX Pearl Options, MIAX Emerald Options, and MIAX Sapphire Options will make changes to the securities listed in the Penny Program, effective Friday, January 2, 2026.

      Please refer to the following Regulatory Circulars for the list of changes and more information on the Penny Program:

      Source: MIAX

      Outlook 2026: John Bartleman, TradeStation Group

      John Bartleman is President & CEO of TradeStation Group, Inc.

      John Bartleman, TradeStation
      John Bartleman

      What were the key theme(s) for your business in 2025?

      In 2025, TradeStation companies focused on three major themes that reflect years of hard work and development coming to fruition. First, we introduced TradeStation TITAN X, our next-generation upgrade to the flagship trading experience for sophisticated traders that is now live and available to install. Beyond that, we advanced a unified trading experience across HUB, our central client portal, bringing account onboarding, account management, and direct access to trading platforms and tools into one place to streamline workflows from onboarding through execution. Additionally, we upgraded our Mobile App for complex trading strategies and execution, featuring more intuitive bid and ask buttons for faster trading plus a new scroll-away header, giving users more screen space for detailed charting and analysis. We also invested in enhancements to support complex derivatives trading, reimagining multi-leg options workflows and pairing/logging capabilities to make executing strategies faster, clearer, and cross-platform. These updates are part of TradeStation’s broader goal to modernize our platform infrastructure and create a more connected, user-friendly experience to better serve active traders.

      Second, we embraced AI-first technologies by launching “ask TradeStation ai” to deliver faster answers and assistance with how to use our Desktop platform, from directly within the platform. We have big plans to continue developing and expanding our capabilities on this end to give traders more power to execute their strategies.

      Third, providing white-glove service and education – especially in advanced options and futures – remains core to who we are. We amplified our ongoing commitment to providing tools for sophisticated traders and built a Master Class series that helps traders optimize their platforms with sessions on advanced features, technical analysis, strategy development, back-testing, EasyLanguage programming, and market insights. This is for more advanced traders and allows participants to join live to get their questions answered or watch recordings to stay current on the latest tools.

      What was the highlight of 2025 for TradeStation?

      The highlight of the year was launching the TradeStation HUB and TITAN X, delivering a modern, unified experience across devices. We also made headway on an MCP connector that enables AI assistants to access brokerage functionality and content, helping customers use large language AI models to move from ideas to trade more efficiently. Another key milestone implemented in late 2025 was our new scalable pricing, which is designed to support active trading and improve per-trade economics, especially for complex options and futures traders.

      What are your expectations for 2026?

      In 2026, we plan to complete the complex options rollout across TITAN X, HUB, the Mobile App, and our API product, shifting customer options activity toward higher-value, multi-leg strategies that drive deeper engagement and greater per-trade value. We expect to see the impact of our 2025 pricing changes fully realized. We’ll continue to advance our institutional reach and global expansion to bring TradeStation’s capabilities to sophisticated clients in new markets and geographies. Lastly, we will remain focused on scaling our AI-enabled client experiences, reducing time from the first trade idea to execution of the trade, while maintaining high service quality for our most active clients.

      What trends are getting underway that traders may not know about but will be important?

      Looking ahead, extended hours and 24/7 market access will be a major trend that will continue to expand and encourage traders to adopt strategies and risk management for round-the-clock markets. Regulated crypto derivatives, including new futures and spot crypto products, will provide broader hedging and exposure opportunities within traditional brokerage accounts.

      AI will continue to be the talk of the town as it will be increasingly integrated into the trading stack – from onboarding and education to in-workflow assistants – compressing idea-to-execution cycles for active traders. Finally, we will see a rise in complex, multi-asset spread workflows, with traders increasingly combining options, futures, and futures options using sophisticated pairing and margining strategies.

      Outlook 2026: Bryan Harkins, IEX Group

      Bryan Harkins is President, IEX Group.

      Bryan Harkins

      What were your highlights of 2025?

      Market participants continued to be attracted to IEX’s best-in-class execution quality. This is demonstrated by a substantial increase in our displayed market share, which has grown 4x since the summer of 2024  (June 2024 to Dec 2025.)

      Even as IEX’s displayed trading volume has grown, our dark order types have continued to perform as well as ever. In fact, IEX captured over 25% of all on-exchange midpoint notional volume and nearly half of all on-exchange midpoint block trades. IEX currently represents 6% of U.S. exchange market share, excluding off exchange trading. We are also closing the year with all-time market share highs, with back-to-back record months in November (3.4%) and December (3.6%).

      Additionally, we were very pleased by the SEC’s review and approval of our IEX Options proposal. IEX has spent years building markets that protect investors and liquidity providers from latency arbitrage, and we appreciate the significant support we received from investors, brokers, market makers, and stakeholders who wrote supportive letters to the SEC prior to our approval. We remain dedicated to innovating for performance and superior execution quality and look forward to taking the next steps towards launching our options exchange.

      What are your expectations for 2026? 

      Our expectation is that dark trading will remain a key part of trading strategies in 2026, but the way firms evaluate execution quality and venue allocation is shifting. Historically, firms relied on short-term markouts and metrics like fill and hit rates. As tools and trading evolve, market participants are taking a more nuanced view of which dark venues best support their strategies, using different kinds of venues to access midpoint liquidity and evaluating them across broader performance horizons.

      Traders are now seeking tools that let them engage liquidity on different terms depending on strategy, urgency, and time horizon. Markouts may span multiple intervals, with greater focus on long-term impact and holistic venue performance, including unique features like price improvement. To support this shift, IEX has introduced an additional signal designed to detect quote imbalance, giving traders more control over how and when they access liquidity as they broaden the metrics they use. Our focus remains on providing tools that adapt to varied strategies, algo phases, and an increased scrutiny on impact to an order’s parent level performance.

      Lastly, in 2025 we made substantial progress in our readiness to launch an options venue, and a successful launch remains one of our top priorities for 2026. IEX Options is designed to foster competition and deliver better prices for investors, and we look forward to making it available to the market.

      What are your clients’ pain points and how have they changed from 1 year ago? 

      US equity markets are dynamic and constantly changing, with market participants often modifying their strategies to adapt to this fast-paced environment. At IEX, we stay laser focused on making our exchange the venue of choice across a range of market participants. Over the past year clients are getting even more granular when evaluating their venue of choice. In some cases, gravitating to certain venues that are better to trade at particular times or venues whose business model or fee structure are most beneficial to the trading strategies they are running.Ultimately, exchanges that understand their clients’ desire to be flexible and adaptive to new market developments are the ones who will gain market share.