FastMatch Opens Up FX Tape to General Public

FastMatch, Inc., an FX spot market operator, which has operated as a Euronext company since August 2017, announced that individuals may now purchase FX Tape data from its website at a cost of 40 a month, using their credit cards.

FX Tape is a new and innovative market data product that improves post-trade transparency in FX markets and allows market participants to monetize their trading data. FX Tape will also serve as a central reference point for spot FX transacted prices, helping individuals and companies to benchmark their FX rates. Typically such trading data costs thousands of euros a month and requires special programming in order to receive it, so the average consumer cannot access the data.

FastMatch is now making this data available at low cost at https://tape.fastmatch.com.

FastMatch is bringing transparency in spot FX to anyone with a credit card, said Dmitri Galinov, CEO of FastMatch, Inc. Now, for a small monthly fee, individuals and companies can view the latest FX rates transacted on interbank markets. This information empowers them to demand better FX rates from vendors.

The FX Tape is open to all contributors under an open access model with a percentage of the net revenue generated by FX Tape shared with contributors, according to the volume contributed.

Bitcoin Seen as Safe Haven with Room to Grow, ICOs Eyed

The recent craze around cybercurrency bitcoin and others has gotten plenty of news recently and a new survey sheds some light on what potentially could be the newest asset class.

Triad Securities, in cooperation with DataTrek, released the results to a new survey conducted by the pair from November 6, 2017 to November 13, 2017. The results were shared with Traders Magazine.

Among the most interesting tidbits the survey:

In answering the question: Where is bitcoin going? Thirty-nine percent said the current environment was a bubble and it must crash. Twenty-seven percent said bitcoin would continue to rise – albeit at a slower pace. Sixteen percent said bitcoins value would double in the next six months or sooner.

We were surprised the bubble response was less than 40% given widespread commentary in that direction and the age/experience of the respondents, said DataTrek analysts.By age, at least, our survey takers has seen their fair share of bubbles. We were ready to see +70% responses indicate bitcoins price is unsustainable. Less than 40% is, well, remarkable.

Also of keen interest was the answer to the question of would you ever see bitcoin as a safe haven similar to gold? Almost 41% (40.7%) answered yes while nearly 43% (42.9%) said no. The balance had no opinion on the matter.

This may be the most surprising finding of the survey, DataTrek analyst said.Even with widely reported wallet hacks and other systematic challenges, 41% of respondents think bitcoin can become something akin to gold as an investment safe haven.

When it came to the somewhat controversial topic of Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), the survey was less surprising. For the question, Have you ever participated in an Initial Coin Offering or looked at such opportunities? the responses were as follows:

  • Yes, and I have invested: 7.9%
  • No, but I have considered investing: 29.0%
  • No, and I wont without more regulation: 14.8%
  • No, and I have not looked at these offerings: 48.3%

DataTrek said that given over a third of respondents have looked at or invested in ICOs the results were not bad for a fund raising approach that is just a few years old.” Furthermore, they noted it was noteworthy over half might consider ICOs if/when the regulatory framework improves.

So, how do investors who look at ICOs assess these opportunities?

They look as cybercurrency founders/key employees as the top metric, followed by total addressable market, and lastly sector addressed. Of less importance were token type, deal pricing and time to market.

There were no surprise here, DataTrek began, with ICO investors looking at exactly the same issues as venture capitalists.

Lastly on the topic of ICOs, Triad asked,What is your level of confidence in current bitcoin custodial offerings?

Respondents answered:

  • High: 9.1%
  • Medium: 29.7%
  • Low: 25.9%
  • Dont know/no opinion: 30.0%
  • I prefer traditional custodians: 5.4%

DataTrek said this was and is a critical issue for institutional investors.In order for crypto currencies to achieve true asset class status, investor confidence in custodial solutions has to improve.

Survey respondents included the buy-side (51.3%), sell side (10.2%), service providers (8.9%) and others (29.6%). According to DataTrek, most respondents were money managers or RIAs/Wealth Advisors; 51% are over 45 years old, and 79% are over 35 years old; less than 5% work in the crypto currency industry.

There were 317 responses in total.

The full survey and its results are available from Triad Securities or DataTrek.

Weekly Corporate Event Highlights

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Staying on top of corporate events is critical for any investment firm. Here are the selected events fromWall Street Horizonimpacting the most widely held securities scheduled for this week.

Mon 11/27/2017


Johnson & Johnson (JNJ): Ex Date for Quarterly dividend of $0.840

BioMarin Pharmaceutical (BMRN): German Equity Forum

Biogen Inc (BIIB): German Equity Forum

Intel Corp. (INTC): Credit Suisse 21st Annual Technology, Media and Telecom Conference 2017

International Business Machines Corp. (IBM): Credit Suisse 21st Annual Technology, Media and Telecom Conference 2017

Microsoft Corp. (MSFT): Credit Suisse 21st Annual Technology, Media and Telecom Conference 2017

Nippon Telegraph & Telephone (9432): Credit Suisse 21st Annual Technology, Media and Telecom Conference 2017

Check Point Software Technologies (CHKP): Amazon Web Services AWS reINVENT 2017

Western Digital Corp. (WDC): Amazon Web Services AWS reINVENT 2017

Tue 11/28/2017

Autodesk, Inc. (ADSK): Next Earnings Date for Q3 2018: 11/28/2017 Confirmed 11/1/2017

Comcast Corporation (CMCSA): Video Release date for American Assassin

Twenty-First Century Fox (FOX): Video Release date for Detroit

Comcast Corporation (CMCSA): Video Release date for Trolls Holiday

Qualcomm Inc. (QCOM): Ex Date for Quarterly dividend of $0.570

Societe Generale (GLE.FR): Societe Generale Investor Day

Royal Dutch Shell Class A (RDSA.GB): Royal Dutch Shell Class A Management Day in London

UnitedHealth Group (UNH): UnitedHealth Group Investor Conference

Vonovia SE (VNA.AT): UBS Global Real Estate CEO/CFO Conference

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN): Piper Jaffray Companies 29th Annual Healthcare Conference 2017

Western Digital Corp. (WDC): 7th RISC-V Workshop


Wed 11/29/2017

Microsoft Corp. (MSFT): Shareholder Meeting

CSX Corp. (CSX): Ex Date for Quarterly dividend of $0.200

The Home Depot, Inc. (HD): Ex Date for Quarterly dividend of $0.890

Royal Dutch Shell Class A (RDSA.GB): Royal Dutch Shell Class A Management Day in New York

Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST): Costco Wholesale Corporation November Sales Results

BioMarin Pharmaceutical (BMRN): Evercore ISI Medtools & Services – The Future of Healthcare Conference and Evercore ISI BioPharma Catalyst/Deep Dive Conference (fireside chat)

Biogen Inc (BIIB): Evercore ISI Medtools & Services – The Future of Healthcare Conference and Evercore ISI BioPharma Catalyst/Deep Dive Conference (fireside chat)

CSX Corp. (CSX): Credit Suisse 5th Annual Aerospace Industrials Conference 2017

Expedia, Inc. (EXPE): Amazon Web Services AWS reINVENT 2017

Thu 11/30/2017

Caterpillar Inc (CAT): Credit Suisse 5th Annual Aerospace Industrials Conference 2017

Illumina, Inc. (ILMN): Deutsche Bank dbAccess MedTools and Diagnostics One-on-One Day 2017

Merck KGaA (MRK.DE): Deutsche Bank dbAccess MedTools and Diagnostics One-on-One Day 2017

Celgene Corporation (CELG): Evercore ISI Medtools & Services – The Future of Healthcare Conference and Evercore ISI BioPharma Catalyst/Deep Dive Conference (fireside chat)

Mylan N.V. (MYL): Evercore ISI Medtools & Services – The Future of Healthcare Conference and Evercore ISI BioPharma Catalyst/Deep Dive Conference (fireside chat)

Fri 12/1/2017

Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN): Movie Release date for Wonder Wheel

The Walt Disney Company (DIS): Movie Release date for 24 Hours to Live

Twenty-First Century Fox (FOX): Movie Release date for The Shape of Water

Ford Motor Company (F): Ford Motor Company November 2017 U.S. Sales Conference Call

Vonovia SE (VNA.AT): Societe Generale Premium Review 2017 Conference

American Express Company (AXP): Showing Others Healthy Options Expo (SOHO EXPO)

Ford Motor Company (F): 2017 Los Angeles Auto Show

Tesla, Inc. (TSLA): 2017 Los Angeles Auto Show

FlexTrade Introduces Enhanced Cross-OMS Aggregation for MiFID II

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FlexTrade (@FlexTrade) announced the rollout of an enhanced version of its multi-OMS aggregation functionality, an in-built feature of the FlexTRADER EMS, which allows users to merge and net orders across multiple OMSs regardless of the underlying version or implementation.

With a number of major asset manager mergers over the past few years bringing together a variety of OMS technologies, we have seen a surge of interest in FlexTRADERs unique abilities in cross-OMS order aggregation, said Oliver Boatfield, EMEA Sales Director at FlexTrade UK.

Along with the ability to dynamically merge orders within and across OMSs, FlexTRADER provides highly configurable allocation logic with several out-of-the-box rules, including LIFO, FIFO, pro-rata and optimal average pricing. It can also be configured per-market and per asset class, based on any order attribute in the system. This flexible approach to merging and order routing ensures optimal access to liquidity and fair execution allocation by factoring in broker restrictions per order and time of merging orders to an existing block.

With MiFID II legislation coming into effect in just under two months, ensuring all sufficient steps have been taken to achieve Best Execution is now top priority for all asset managers. This new version of multi-OMS aggregation is another tick box for FlexTrades comprehensive platform, which provides traders with one consistent approach to Best Execution, irrespective of order source.

Aggregation across multiple OMSs works in combination with FlexTrades MiFID II APA integration to ensure any trade reporting obligations are catered for in the FlexTRADER EMS in real-time.

The cross-OMS functionality in FlexTRADER ensures asset managers have one consolidated view on orders, giving them more time to focus on trading, continued Boatfield.

Clarity Through the DEA Tiers

AnESMA Q&Apublished this week provides some further guidance regarding the authorization of sub-delegated Direct Electronic Access (DEA) providers, but it still leaves room for uncertainty. The Q&A draws a distinction between a DEA client that has EU exchange access directly via a member (Tier 1 DEA client), and a DEA client that obtains access through a sub-delegated DEA provider (Tier 2 DEA client). ESMA argues that Tier 2 clients do not have DEA access because in most cases they are not technically in possession of the trading code of the exchange member.

Furthermore, the Q&A reiterates the Article 48(7) requirement that in order to provide DEA access a member of an EU exchange must be a registered MiFID II firm or credit institution. However, it is not absolutely clear whether the authorization requirement includes sub-delegated DEA providers. If you analyze the question by reference to the above-mentioned client tiers a sub-delegated DEA providers clients are Tier 2 and dont have DEA. Logically it follows that if the clients dont have DEA, how can a sub-delegated firm be providing DEA?

So much for clarification! With a short amount of time until implementation, further guidance on the issue seems unlikely. Therefore, we must look to answer the question on the authorization of sub-delegated DEA providers by a review of the client tiers.

FLASHBACK FRIDAY GALLERY: New York St Jude 11th Anniversary Dinner

In this weeks Flashback Friday Gallery, Traders Magazine goes back to 2000 and the New York St Jude 11th Anniversary dinner event. Traders and executives gathered to sample culinary treats at “A Taste of New York” event held at The New York Marriott Marquis.

Please click here to see the nights festivities

BAML Readies Consolidated Trading Platform

After years in development, Bank of America Merrill Lynch’s Global Banking & Markets business expects to take its consolidated trading and risk management system, known as Quartz, live on an end-of-day basis in the first quarter of 2018.

Its launch will help the investment banking firm start to sunset hundreds of legacy systems, estimated Thomas Montag, COO of Bank of America Merrill Lynch, during a presentation at The Future of Financials conference hosted by the bank.

Of the approximately 1,100 applications within GBAM, which cost the firm $1.3 billion, Montag estimated that the business line could start to retire around 350 applications in the next couple of years.

“Thats a start for us,” he said. “That enables us to take them out and re-invest that money spent on old stuff and invest in the projects that we want to do, which are quite a few.”

Bank of America Merrill Lynch winnowed the number of the application it plans to support by listing each application, how often the firm used it, and by how many people.

“We then quizzed people regarding the list,” said Montag. “What did the application’s name mean? Why are only two people in the firm using it? People new a lot of the applications, but they did not know all of them.”

The Quartz project is not the only consolidation and standardization project that the bank is in the midst of developing.

“You can imagine how many platforms Bank of America has had for loans,” Montag added. “Not just because it has real estate- and asset-backed loans, but blending those with all the banks that it has purchased.”

The bank currently is migrating from seven separate loan platforms to a single platform.

“For all of the reporting that the firm has to do globally, it just makes it easier for us to operate and do data analysis when we have everything in one place,” he said. “Also, we have much more consistency in the data that we are keeping.”

Bridging the Gap in Capital Markets: How Divento Academy Is Reaching New Talent

At Trading Technologies, we are always in support of bringing fresh new talent, whether trader or programmer, into the trading industry. For example, weve created theTT CampusConnect program, which helps students from over 80 universities across 11 countries gain first-hand experience with trading software.

We also love seeing and supporting others who are creating their own initiatives. To that end, were very excited about Divento Academy, a new program that one of our clients, London-basedDivento Financials, is spearheading.

Divento Financials is a proprietary trading firm that was founded in 2008. The company has swiftly become a starting point for many traders. A few years ago, James Sullivan, founder and CEO, and Robert Russell, director and head of business development, identified that a huge gap in training and education was obstructing the flow of new talent into the industry. There were numerous courses available online selling the FX dream and lucrative careers, but many of these offerings were of no real substance.

As a company, Divento wanted to remove traditional barriers in the market and find untapped talent-to take people without the traditional trading background or education and get them into financial services. To that end, James, Robert and their team decided to take on the initiative and bring their own courses to the public. And that is howDivento Academywasborn.

The Academy offers a Level 5 Advanced Diploma in Financial Trading. The course is regulated on both the UK/EU qualification frameworks, meaning it is fully accredited, and offers in five weeks the equivalent of a two-year degree.

However, that doesnt mean its a cram session. The Academy has three full-time trainers on staff, who have a combined 50 years of professional experience between them. The course is divided into three modules:

  1. Financial Markets & Operations
  2. Financial Asset Classes & Risk
  3. Financial Trading Techniques

These modules are designed not solely to produce traders, but also to expose students to other potential financial services careers, such as risk management. Were proud that they use ourTT platformas the software to power these courses and provide students with real-world software experience.

Using Trading Technologies tier-one trading software provided me with the opportunity to see what trading is really like, in real time, enabling me to enhance my ability to apply various technical trading strategies. This helped to bring everything together and provided me with a great advantage in my training, says Sunna Firdaus, a recent Divento Academy student.

Firdaus, who is pursuing a masters degree in aerospace engineering with first class honours, is participating in Divento Academy as part of a pilot program with her school, Kingston University.

Other Kingston students have also shared positive feedback about their experience with Divento Academy. The road was tough, but the excitement each day brings, and being able to apply and use this knowledge with the help of the Trading Technologies trading platform, gave me the motivation to give it my all both inside and outside of the trading room, knowing all my decisions and plans were tested in real time by the market on a day-to-day basis, says Daniel Bains, another recent Divento Academy student, who graduated with a bachelor of science in actuarial mathematics and statistics, with upper second class honours.

The success of the Kingston University pilot program has confirmed Diventos plan of replicating the program elsewhere, implementing their curriculum at other universities. However, Diventos expansion plans do not stop at universities. The Academy recently connected with Registered Social Landlords (RSLs), not-for-profit organizations that provide homes for people in need of housing within the UK. By partnering together, Divento Academy and RSLs will be able to bring technical career training to a population that normally would not have access to it.

By providing this hands-on experience to young people who are determining their career paths, whether through their universities or through their participation in RSLs, Divento seeks to help people who lack access to financial services training gain the skills they need to succeed.

In some cases, the training that Divento provides doesnt just prepare students for financial services careers-it changes their lives. Firdaus says, I have found my time at Divento Financials one of the best experiences of my life. I have learnt so many skills that will not only benefit me in my career, but also in my everyday life. It has changed the way I perceive information and I have become more receptive to the slightest change. This has essentially moulded me into a better person.

For one of the participants who discovered Divento Academy via her RSL, the Divento curriculum helped change her life. Nadia ODonnell-Pacha, now operations manager at PCS Credit Union, heard about the program from her RSL, and, at first, thought it sounded too good to be true. I thought it was a scam, she says, laughing. For a young single mom working in an administrative job, this kind of opportunity seemed unbelievable. Once she realized that it was a legitimate program, she submitted an application and was awarded a 5,000 scholarship to attend.

I was very surprised. People who come from social housing dont usually get this kind of opportunity. This is an unusual opportunity, ODonnell-Pacha says. I didnt know anything about financial trading beforehand. I didnt have any courses in it in school.

Immediately after completing the program, ODonnell-Pacha was called for a job interview at a credit union. She was offered the role of office manager, but was quickly promoted to operations manager. Now, just a year later, she is in training to be the deputy CEO of the credit union. Divento Academy helped me get my foot in the door, she says.

To date, 75 students have completed the program. After graduation, some students go on to work at Divento, where the company can back them financially, or they can back themselves. Regardless of where they choose to go, Divento Academy makes sure they leave with a support system and the resources they need to get a step up in the industry. The Academy has career guides, links to recruitment firms, apprenticeship programs and employability skill sessions to complement the modules.

Its already an impressive program, but Divento isnt stopping now. Along with plans to create a mentor program, the goal is to expand beyond the UK and with current new ventures in the EU, perhaps even to the United States as well.

When we started the TT CampusConnect program, we knew we couldnt revolutionize capital markets education all on our own. Were heartened to see the success of Divento Academy over just a few years, and we hope it will inspire other companies to create their own initiatives to train the next generation of finance professionals.

Multi-Firm Blockchain Implementation for Equity Swaps Completes Second Phase

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Eleven firms announced the successful completion of a pilot to manage equity swap transactions and related post-trade lifecycle events. The implementation employs blockchain smart contracts and uses an optimized data structure in a distributed, peer-to-peer network to ensure perpetual reconciliation.

A continuation of an initial proof of concept, the pilot expanded the blockchain network to process equity swap lifecycle events, end-to-end. Having both sides of a swap transaction on the same ledger allows counterparties to simultaneously view and share data during the entire lifecycle of the swap – from proposal to termination.

This synchronization of data, increased transparency of calculation logic, and automation of corporate actions processing will reduce operational costs and errors and allow real-time data access for both client and regulatory reporting.

Equity swap data is infamously complex and difficult to manage, making it a terrific fit for distributed ledger technology. Were delighted to have reached another key milestone alongside our partners on this project and grateful for their collaborative efforts to demonstrate how powerful this tech can be, said Greg Schvey, CEO of Axoni.

The pilot was managed by Axoni and executed on AxCore, Axonis distributed ledger software. The broad participant group included seven swap market participants from both the sell-side and buy-side including: BNP Paribas (EPA: BNP), Citi (NYSE:C), Credit Suisse (NYSE:CS), Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS), J.P. Morgan (NYSE:JPM) as well as industry service providers IHS Markit (NASDAQ: INFO) and Thomson Reuters (NYSE: TRI). ISDA provided equity derivatives documentation expertise and Capco provided consulting services.

Adam Herrmann, Global Head of Prime Finance at Citi, said, Citi is pleased with the results of another successful equity swap pilot with Axoni. The contribution from investment managers to this effort signifies AxCores potential to add value end-to-end. Fewer valuation disputes, less reconciliation and real-time access to data would benefit all of the industry.

The equity swap pilot demonstrates the benefits of collaborating with innovative tech startups like Axoni and our industry peers to embrace new technology solutions that can contribute to commercial outcomes and operational efficiencies, said Rana Yared, Managing Director, Goldman Sachs Principal Strategic Investments.

Over the course of the multi-month pilot, the project tested automated lifecycle management and synchronization of single stock and portfolio total return swaps, as well as critical components regarding the deployment and management of the distributed ledger network.

The extensive testing conducted included a diverse set of over 70 structured test cases to assess lifecycle functionality and integration with external systems, including IHS Markits SwapOne platform. Connectivity to SwapOne was leveraged as an option to manage post-trade calculations, including accruals, resets, and payment schedules.

Key functionality tested included trade creation, position building, amendments, novation, termination, swap aging, stock splits and dividends, reporting, and private key management. A 100% success rate across all tests was achieved.

In addition, a diverse set of non-functional tests were also conducted to assess the robustness of Axonis blockchain infrastructure. These tests covered privacy, security, network health monitoring, node management, and network performance – with real-world throughput volumes successfully processed by the network.

Thomson Reuters pricing and reference data was also integrated with the Axoni solution to provide trusted market data, including equity prices, FX rates, benchmark rates, and corporate actions directly on the blockchain to enable the smart contracts automated workflows. The seamless integration of market data is critical to the success of this and similar projects and we have been impressed with the solution that has resulted. We look forward to helping the project move to the next phase, said Tim Baker, Global Head of Innovation at Thomson Reuters.

As part of the initiative, Axoni, assisted by ISDA, used participating firms confirmation templates to create a standardized equity swap confirmation and trade template based on a 2011 ISDA Equity Derivatives Definitions framework designed to facilitate electronic processing of equity derivatives. This standardized data structure was then implemented on the blockchain network and used in the pilot. Use of common industry standards in new technologies is important to ensure maximum efficiencies for market participants. The 2011 Equity Derivatives Definitions were used in this case as the basis for standard templates to enable electronic processing of equity derivatives, said Katherine Tew Darras, ISDA General Counsel.

The participants also collaborated on a governance framework that can be used to oversee and manage a production network. The governance framework was tailored to networks with distributed infrastructure in order to create an opportunity for increased agility, cost efficiencies, and transparency.

Capco assisted participant firms in building a business case for implementation of the platform by quantifying potential savings and efficiencies and consulted on governance considerations.

Artificial Intelligence in Trading Crypto Assets Might Not Be So Smart…

There is an old expression in computer programming: Garbage in, Garbage out. The point of the expression is that if you program logic based on bad data or data derived from the wrong context, that the results will not be what you are looking for. In the world of trading cryptocurrencies, the data supplied to machine learning algorithms that determine where to price individual assets might be very unreliable at times, and the data for trading those assets might be even worse (witness the move in BitCoin Cash of 2.5 times higher then back down, pictured above).

With that said, there is a lot of buzz around the crypto universe about quantitative hedge funds entering the space and about the use of advanced techniques. One example is that Bitcoin News published a story about the use of Artificial Intelligence in crypto investing. It features an interview with Guy Zyskind, the CEO of Enigma, which offers a data marketplace which hopes to become the foundation for such endeavors.

While I agree wholeheartedly with Guys thesis that quantitative trading firms have helped improve liquidity and compress spreads in the equity markets, and also that the firms he mentioned (one of which I spent over 5 years at) have intelligently utilized machine learning and quantitative techniques. The problem with this article, however, is that it is wrong to conflate the use of such techniques in asset selection, portfolio construction and trading. Those are three separate disciplines which require very different quantitative tools and data, and Enigma, like most FinTech firms and Funds in Equities, is focused on asset selection using their alpha generation tools. To be clear, finding alpha is extremely important to funds and investors, but my point is that the tools are different and so is the data.

The article continues the confusion by alternatively discussing trading bots and hedge funds in a mashup. In reality, most of the automated market making firms which provide the liquidity that helped collapse spreads are brokers, not funds. Those firms do use machine learning and other quantitative tools for trading and risk management, but those are quite distinct from the type of data and techniques used for alpha generation. To understand these differences, readers can review a previous article I wrote, that went over the different elements of fund management that could benefit from quantitative techniques, What is Quantamental Anyway?.

There are many platforms in the equities world focused on alpha, including 100s of alternative data providers, data integrators, artificial intelligence firms with methods of interpreting that data, and many vendors providing access to that data. There is even one firm, Quantopian, who built a platform that anyone can use to find alpha, and uses those crowdsourced algorithms to trade. The problem, however, is that capturing alpha is not that simple. Most of the funds that have consistently achieved superior performance have also invested in integrated quantitative processes to build and trade their portfolios. I dont want to pick on Quantopian, but, their advice to their own community includes the following statement: By starting from a universe that takes volume, slippage, and liquidity into account, we can avoid wasting time during the development of trading signals. This is very troubling, as it seems to group a large group of stocks together for trading costs and seems to oversimplify the large variations in trading costs that can derive from different market conditions. Perhaps this might explain why they have had some performance difficulties this year…

That said, in equities, as compared to cryptocurrencies, trading is relatively straightforward, with consistent bid/offer spreads, connected markets, and many tools available for traders. In the Cryptocurrency world, however, it is a different situation. That is why we started CoinRoutes, as a platform to help traders understand the market and route orders optimally.

We realized that this market is both fragmented and uncoordinated, and very hard for traders to get a handle on. Markets are usually crossed (meaning that the high bid is above the lowest offer), and order books are hard to read for traders due to the ability to post quotes for a tiny fraction of a full unit.

To put this in perspective, consider a simple trading situation. Lets say that a fund wants to buy 1000 Ethereum priced in BitCoin (meaning buy ETH and sell BTC). The first thing a trader might do is look at the bid offer spread over the past day. CoinRoutes can show the trader the consolidated bid and offer across 7 different exchanges, filtered to only look at orders over a certain size.

Notice how the system also shows the percentage the market is crossed and the relative market share of best bid and best offer over the day. This alone, makes it clear that a fund trading this pair would need access to most, if not all these exchanges. To explain why the filtering function is so important, however, we should look at the unfiltered view. Notice how in the figure below, when all the small orders are included that the market is almost always crossed, with the majority of the time being large (defined currently as by more than of 1%):

In this example, if the fund has determined, based on AI or other quantitative techniques, that it should buy Ethereum and sell BitCoin, then they will need to trade in this fragmented market. At that point, the use of a Smart Order Router (SOR) would likely help them capture more alpha in the trade. As an example, I utilized our software to simulate an aggressive sweep of the market to buy 1000 Ethereum vs BitCoin. While this is a large order (over $300k), at the time I wrote this, an aggressive liquidity taking strategy using the SOR would have saved 0.54% even compared to one of the largest exchanges:

Next, I simulated 1/10th of the order, which at 100 ETH is just over $30k, but even then, the SOR outperformed a single exchange at that time by 0.5%. This is likely due to the shifting between exchanges and may represent a higher number than average, but it was based on live market data:

The point of this example is to show the importance of trading, but it is equally true that the data itself must be understood. Crossed markets, in particular, are indicative of potential structural issues, and could confuse machine learning systems unless well modeled.

In conclusion, we believe that due to the fragmented and uncoordinated nature of the crypto asset markets, it is likely that funds who understand, and have tools for managing market microstructure, will outperform those that do not. The nature of the crypto markets means that such tools are likely much more important trading BitCoin, Ethereum, BitCoin Cash, LiteCoin, or any of the newer Alt Coins than when trading equities. Thus, while Enigma, and the Artificial Intelligence strategies that it facilitates, may well represent a major advance, it is not a panacea. Even if investors were able to isolate which coins to buy and sell at any given moment, unless they are capable of doing so efficiently, they will not perform up to their expectations and wont capture the alpha they expect.